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Ohio History

Ohio History

Ohio has always worked for a better future. Ohioans have supported the US in
times of war, worked hard in industry and supported sports and the arts. The
state has become very influential in regional and national politics.

Ohio History
The Early History of Ohio
People have been living in Ohio for 15,000 years. Paleo-Indians used stone
tools to hunt many large animals. Succeeding cultures became increasingly
sophisticated, particularly the Hopewell, who built large ceremonial mounds
and traded widely throughout North America. Visitors can catch a glimpse into
Hopewell life and customs at the Hopewell Culture National Historical Park in
Chillicothe.


Fur Trappers

Fur trappers began trading with Native Americans in the Ohio region in the
mid-1700s. After the American Revolution, colonists began settling in Ohio and
the population grew rapidly. These settlers were predominately from New England,
Pennsylvania and New York, although some migrated from southern states. During
this period, Ohio was part of the Northwest Territory, established by the
Ordinance of 1787. President George Washington signed this into law in 1789.
The significance of this legislation was that it set the precedent allowing
the federal government to expand westward and admit new states.



Ohio History

Ohio History
In 1803, Ohio became the first state created from the Northwest Territory.
Columbus became the capital in 1816 and migration continued into Ohio. Although
Ohio was never a slave state and supported the North in the Civil War (1861-65),
many former southerners, living in southern Ohio, supported the Confederacy,
becoming known as Copperheads.


Ohio History

The Growth of Industry
Industry became Ohio’s focus after the Civil War. A rapidly expanding industrial
base created a great many new jobs, attracting hundreds of thousands of European
immigrants. Immigration shifted during and after World War I, with immigrants coming
predominantly from Appalachia and southern states.


Ohio History


Ohio’s canals significantly contributed to industrial growth. Prior to the canals,
time-consuming and difficult road travel was the only way goods could be moved to
eastern markets. During the 1820s, canals were built, allowing much easier river
transport of people, raw materials such as coal and manufactured goods.

Ohio History

There were almost 1,000 miles of canals, feeders and side cuts at its peak in 1855.
Without the canals, industry could not have developed as it did in the early to
mid-1800s. The canal system gradually fell into decline. Fortunately, private and
governmental groups are working today to preserve remaining canals.

Ohio History

The effectiveness of the canals in providing cheap transport prevented major railroad
construction for many years. However, after the Civil War, people demanded faster
railroad transport. By 1910, almost 10,000 miles of tracks had been constructed.
After World War II, the rapid growth of the trucking industry and private ownership
of automobiles caused a downturn for railroads.

Ohio Today
Heavy industry has been influential to Ohio’s development since 1804 when the first
iron plant was opened. Ohio became and remains an important steel manufacturing state.
Declines in the manufacturing sectors prompted investment in other areas.

Ohio History

Today, Ohio is home to many Fortune 500 companies and is influential in many new
technologies, as well as in education, medicine, the arts and agriculture. By 2010,
Ohio had the sixth fastest growing economy in the US. Ohio leads the country in the
production of rubber and plastic.

Ohio History

Ohio has been home to many famous people, including seven Presidents. Sports, especially
football, have always been supported by Ohioans. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is famous
worldwide. In many ways, Ohio represents a microcosm of the US. While it has suffered setbacks,
Ohio has demonstrated its resilience and is well-positioned for future growth.




       


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